Differential Roles of Orexin Receptors in the Regulation of Sleep/Wakefulness
نویسندگان
چکیده
Orexin A and orexin B are hypothalamic neuropeptides that play critical roles in the regulation of sleep/wakefulness, as well as in a variety of physiological functions such as emotion, reward, and energy homeostasis. The actions of orexins are mediated by two receptors, orexin 1 (OX1R) and orexin 2 (OX2R) receptors. OX1R and OX2R show partly overlapping but distinct distributions throughout the central nervous system, suggesting their differential roles. This review presents and discusses the current knowledge concerning the physiological roles of each orexin receptor subtype, focusing on the regulation of sleep/wakefulness.
منابع مشابه
Paired-Pulse Inhibition and Disinhibition of the Dentate Gyrus Following Orexin Receptors Inactivation in the Basolateral Amygdala
The basolateral amygdala (BLA) has substantial effects on the neuronal transmission and synaptic plasticity processes through the dentate gyrus. Orexin neuropeptides play different roles in the sleep/wakefulness cycle, feeding, learning, and memory. The present study was conducted to investigate the function of the orexin receptors of the BLA in the hippocampal local interneuron circuits. For t...
متن کاملDifferential roles of orexin receptor-1 and -2 in the regulation of non-REM and REM sleep.
Orexin-A and orexin-B are hypothalamic neuropeptides that play critical roles in the maintenance of wakefulness. Intracerebroventricular (ICV) administration of orexin-A has been shown to promote wakefulness and suppress both rapid eye movement (REM) sleep and non-REM (NREM) sleep through the orexin receptor-1 (OX(1)R) and orexin receptor-2 (OX(2)R). Here, we elucidated the differential roles o...
متن کاملOrexin neurons suppress narcolepsy via 2 distinct efferent pathways.
The loss of orexin neurons in humans is associated with the sleep disorder narcolepsy, which is characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness and cataplexy. Mice lacking orexin peptides, orexin neurons, or orexin receptors recapitulate human narcolepsy phenotypes, further highlighting a critical role for orexin signaling in the maintenance of wakefulness. Despite the known role of orexin neuron...
متن کاملEffects of a newly developed potent orexin-2 receptor-selective antagonist, compound 1 m, on sleep/wakefulness states in mice
Orexins (also known as hypocretins) play critical roles in the regulation of sleep/wakefulness states by activating two G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs), orexin 1 (OX1R) and orexin 2 receptors (OX2R). In order to understand the differential contribution of both receptors in regulating sleep/wakefulness states we compared the pharmacological effects of a newly developed OX2R antagonist (2-SOR...
متن کاملTo eat or to sleep? Orexin in the regulation of feeding and wakefulness.
Orexin-A and orexin-B are neuropeptides originally identified as endogenous ligands for two orphan G-protein-coupled receptors. Orexin neuropeptides (also known as hypocretins) are produced by a small group of neurons in the lateral hypothalamic and perifornical areas, a region classically implicated in the control of mammalian feeding behavior. Orexin neurons project throughout the central ner...
متن کامل